Question: Explain the methods of on-the-job training. What are the steps involved in such training?
Answer:
On-the-job training (OJT) is a hands-on method of teaching employees the skills, knowledge, and competencies they need to perform their job effectively. Instead of sitting in a classroom, employees learn in real-time while performing actual work tasks. This method is highly practical, allowing employees to gain experience while contributing to the organization.
Methods of On-the-Job Training
Job Instruction Training (JIT)
A structured way of training where a senior employee or supervisor guides the trainee through step-by-step instructions on how to perform a task.
Example: A new cashier is shown how to operate the register and then practices under supervision.
Coaching
A more personalized training method where an experienced mentor provides guidance, feedback, and support to help the employee grow.
Example: A sales manager coaching a new salesperson on how to handle customer objections.
Apprenticeship
A long-term training program that combines hands-on experience with classroom learning, usually for technical or skilled jobs.
Example: An electrician undergoing a 2-year apprenticeship under a certified professional.
Job Rotation
Employees are moved between different roles or departments to gain a broad understanding of the business.
Example: A management trainee working in different company departments (HR, marketing, finance) to develop leadership skills.
Shadowing
The trainee observes an experienced employee to learn how tasks are performed before trying them independently.
Example: A new doctor shadowing a senior surgeon before performing surgeries.
Committee Assignments & Project Work
Employees are given real projects or tasks that require problem-solving and teamwork, helping them learn through experience.
Example: A marketing trainee working on a campaign strategy for a new product launch.
Steps Involved in On-the-Job Training
Identify Training Needs
Before jumping into training, it’s essential to assess what skills or knowledge gaps exist. This ensures the training is relevant and useful.
Select the Right Trainer
An experienced and patient trainer whether a supervisor, senior colleague, or mentor—should guide the trainee.
Prepare a Training Plan
A structured plan ensures smooth training. This may include checklists, schedules, and specific learning outcomes.
Demonstrate the Task
The trainer performs the task while explaining each step clearly. This gives the trainee a visual understanding.
Allow Hands-On Practice
The trainee attempts the task under supervision, with the trainer providing guidance and correcting mistakes as needed.
Provide Feedback & Support
Constructive feedback is crucial for improvement. Encouragement and guidance help build confidence.
Gradual Independence
As the trainee gains confidence, they are given more responsibility until they can perform the task independently.
Evaluate & Improve
Regular assessments and feedback sessions help ensure the training is effective. Adjustments can be made if needed.
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