Define network topology. Explain Bus, Star, and Ring topologies in detail with proper figure, advantages, and disadvantages.

Define network topology. Explain Bus, Star, and Ring topologies in detail with proper figure, advantages, and disadvantages.

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Network topology refers to the arrangement or layout of devices (nodes) in a computer network. It shows how computers, devices, and cables are connected to communicate with each other. Network topology can be physical (actual arrangement of cables and devices) or logical (how data flows within the network).

Types of Network Topologies
1. Bus Topology

In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable called the bus. Data travels along the bus, and each device checks whether the data is addressed to it.

Diagram
Device1 ---- Device2 ---- Device3 ---- Device4
               |
            Single Bus (cable)
Advantages:
  • Easy to set up and use fewer cables.
  • Cost-effective for small networks.
  • Works well for small networks with fewer devices.
Disadvantages:
  • If the central bus fails, the whole network stops working.
  • Performance decreases as more devices are added.
  • Troubleshooting is difficult because all devices share the same cable.
2. Star Topology

In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. The hub acts as a central point to manage communication between devices.

Diagram
       Device1
         |
Device2-- Hub --Device3
         |
       Device4
Advantages:
  • Easy to install and manage.
  • If one device fails, the rest of the network continues working.
  • Easy to identify and troubleshoot issues.
Disadvantages:
  • If the central hub or switch fails, the whole network stops working.
  • Requires more cables compared to bus topology, making it expensive.
3. Ring Topology

In a ring topology, devices are connected in a circular pattern. Each device is linked to its neighboring devices, forming a ring. Data travels in one direction, passing through each device.

Diagram
Device1 ---- Device2
    |           |
Device4 ---- Device3
Advantages:
  • Data travels efficiently, with minimal chances of collision.
  • Easy to add or remove devices without affecting the network.
  • Suitable for high-performance networks.
Disadvantages:
  • If one device or connection fails, the entire network can stop working.
  • Troubleshooting is difficult as data passes through each device.
  • Slower performance compared to star topology.

Network topology determines how devices are arranged and communicate in a network. The choice of topology depends on the size, cost, and performance needs of the network. Bus topology is simple and cost-effective for small networks, star topology is reliable and easy to manage, and ring topology is efficient for specific use cases. Each topology has its own advantages and disadvantages, so selecting the right one is crucial for an efficient network.

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