Full Question: What are different transmission medias used in telecommunication network? Why do we prefer fiber optics as a better communication media over others? Explain.
Answer:
Transmission Media in Telecommunication Networks
In telecommunication networks, transmission media refers to the physical pathways that carry communication signals. Different transmission media are used to carry data over various distances and conditions. Here are the main types:
Twisted Pair Cable: Consists of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together. It is widely used for phone lines and LANs.
Coaxial Cable: Composed of a central conductor, insulation, a metallic shield, and an outer cover. It is commonly used for cable TV and internet.
Fiber Optic Cable: Uses light signals to transmit data through strands of glass or plastic fibers. Known for high-speed, long-distance communication.
Wireless (Radio) Waves: Utilizes electromagnetic waves in the radio spectrum for wireless communication (Wi-Fi, cellular networks, satellite).
Microwave: High-frequency radio waves used for point-to-point communication, such as satellite links and wireless backhaul networks.
Infrared: Uses infrared light waves for short-range communication (e.g., remote controls, IR sensors).
Why Fiber Optics is Preferred Over Other Media:
Higher Bandwidth: Fiber optic cables offer much higher bandwidth than copper cables, allowing them to transmit large amounts of data quickly.
Longer Distance Transmission: Fiber optics experience less signal degradation over long distances compared to electrical cables, making them ideal for long-distance communication.
Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference: Unlike copper cables, fiber optic cables are not affected by electromagnetic interference, ensuring more reliable communication in environments with high electrical noise.
Smaller and Lighter: Fiber optic cables are thinner and lighter than copper cables, making them easier and cheaper to install, especially for long-distance connections.
Security: Fiber optics offer enhanced security because they are difficult to tap into, providing a more secure data transmission medium.
Lower Signal Loss: Fiber optics experience much lower signal loss (attenuation) over distance compared to other media like copper cables, improving efficiency and reducing the need for signal boosters.
Due to these advantages, fiber optics is considered the best medium for modern telecommunication networks, particularly in applications requiring high-speed, long-distance, and secure data transmission.
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