Fundamentals of Sociology Questions with Answers – 2021 Spring (BBA/BI/TT/BCIS/BHM/BHCM)

Fundamentals of Sociology Answers With Questions

Section “A”

Short Answers Questions (10 * 2)

1. What is the subject matter of sociology?
Answers: Sociology is the study of human society. Sociology is the study of people, how they live together, their behavior, and how society affects their lives.

2. What is Sociology perspective? Give an example.
Answers: It means looking at how society influences people’s actions. For examples, if someone is poor, instead of blaming them, we look at the lack of job opportunities in this area.

3. Mention the key features of post modernist theory.
Answers: The key features of post modernist theory
– society keeps changing
– There is no single truth; everyone’s experiences matter.
– It focuses on individual lives and differences.

4. What is subculture? Mention its types.
Answers: A subculture is a small group within a bigger culture with its own special styles or ideas. For examples, skateboarders or gamers are subcultures. Types: youth groups, religious groups.

5. Difference between social norms and values with an example.
Answers: Norms are rules for behavior, like saying “hello” . Values are what people believe is good, like being honest. Example : Saying “thankyou” shows the vaues of being polite.

6. What is Sexuality? Mention various sexual issues.
Answers: Sexuality is about who someone is attracted to or their sexual identity, like being straight, gay or bisexual. Problems include unfair treatment, bullying, or lack of education about it.

7. Differentiate between caste and ethnicity.
Answers: A social system based on birth, dividing people into fixed groups (e.g., Brahmin, Dalit). It’s rigid and often linked to social hierarchy. A group of people who share common culture, language, history, or ancestry (e.g., Gurung, magar). It’s based on identity and not as rigid as caste.

8. Distinguish between deviance and crime.
Answers: Deviance is the behavior that goes against social norms but isn’t always illegal. Example: Dressing in unusual clothes. A crime is behavior that breaks the law and is punishable. Examples: Stealing or robbery.All crimes are deviant, but not all deviant acts as crime.

9. Explain functional and conflict approach to religion.
Answers: The functional approach sees religion as something that helps keep society together. It brings people together, gives them a sense of purpose, and helps maintain peace and order.

The conflict approach thinks of religion as a way for powerful people to control others. It says that religion can make people accept unfair treatment and inequality, helping to keep things as they are.

10. Mention the factors of social change.
Answers: The factors of social change
-Technology
– Economic Factors
– Education
– Cultural Factors
– Political Factors

Section”B”

Descriptive Answer Questions (6 * 10)

11. Describe the subject matter of sociology. How is the knowledge of sociology helpful for managers?

OR

Discuss the contribution of founding fathers of sociology.
12. What is meant by perspective ? Describe functionalism, its assumptions and any two criticisms of this perspective.

OR

Analyze the view of Karl Marx on conflict for Nepal.
13. Define Culture. Mention its features and types.
14. What is meant by socialization? Describe C.H. Cooley’s theory of socialization.
15. Explain Max Weber’s bureaucracy in formal organizational.
16. Discuss functional and conflict approach of social stratification with appropriate examples.

OR

What is the Dysfunctional of religion? Explain marriage and its types.
17. Define the factor of social change, consequences of social change in the context of Nepal.

Section “C”

18. Read the case situation given below and answer the questions that follow: (20)

The Rautes are spread with a certain geographical location of Nepal. Their main area of settlement is within mid and far western parts of Nepal and they move from one district to another with these two regions. Raute People are nomadic. There is a resounding NO to permanent settlements. The reason for the nomadic life is based on the story that once, when they lived at a place for a length of time, death took one of their family members. From then on, they started believing that living in a single place is a bad star, and they never stayed in one place for long.

They are endogamous and never objectify lineage on the basis of name, lineage deity, and inherited property. There is no polygamy, but widowed males can remarry. Widowed females, however, are not allowed to re-marry. Child marriage and inter-caste marriage is strictly prohibited. Rautes are endogamous. They follow a nuclear family structure. After a marriage, the new couple moves to a new tent to start married life together. They will even leave their widowed mother and sister after marriage.

They are the worshippers of nature, such as sun, rivers, and forest. They worship Bhuiyar, the hunting god, and do not come in contact with the outsiders. Women are not allowed to participate in the practice of worship.

Division of labor is based on sex. For example, women mostly carry on works like cooking, washing utensils, bringing water from the stream, and beating the grains. Males work is carving wooden vessels, cutting woods from the jungle, selling the wooden products, and bartering for grains as well as hunting monkeys. Raute, following a gender-based division of labor, consider that the work of wooden carvings is done only by males. This art, therefore, is handed down to each consecutive generation from father to son. These wooden pots are artistically carved by hands with simple metallic tools such as axe and include containers such as Madhus, Koshi, Musal, Okhal, and Jhuma. The way they are carved renders the containers highly durable.

Raute still deny their engagement to agricultural practices. For them, it is a sin to sow seeds. Their tradition forbids them to practice agriculture and animal husbandry. They accept food grains bartering with their wooden products to sustain their life. They are not interested in other forms of jobs and occupations. They feel that education is of no use for them. They are accomplished with a unique art of monkey hunting, and they make a special net to trap monkeys. Hunting is carried out through the united effort of males in the community. However, they are not interested in hunting birds and wild animals. They gather yam, roots, berries, and other edibles from the forest. They do not fish but there is no restriction in eating fish.

After death of a community member, Raute bury the dead in a nearby forest and shift their camp very quickly to another place. They cut soft trees for carving wooden containers and barter with them for grains. Since they move to another location, there is always ample time for the trees to regenerate. Rautes drink water from springs only. They do not drink the water from a pond, hand pumps, or wells. They consider the availability of spring water while shifting to a new place.

Case Questions:

a. What is the economic life of the Rautes?
b. Is gender a major source of division of labour in this community?
c. Why are Rautes called a closed community?
d. How is the socio-cultural life of the Rautes different from other groups in Nepal?