(Elective Course)
The “Energy and Sustainable Development” course is a BBA program provided by colleges affiliated with Pokhara University. This course aims to provide students with a thorough grasp of the vital role energy plays in sustainable development, with a focus on the interaction of energy systems, environmental implications, and economic factors. The syllabus includes major themes and abilities that students will study, preparing them to face current energy concerns and contribute to sustainable practices in a variety of industries.
Table of Contents
Course Objectives
This course attempts to highlight the basic issues on the relation between material/energy resources, the environment and sustainable development. Technological changes on greater efficiency of energy utilization, exploitation of renewable energy, adoption of cleaner environmental practices, and waste reduction that can lead to sustainable development will be explored. Specifically, management of energy and environment towards sustainability will be introduced.
Course Description
Principles, concepts and practices of energy and sustainable development will be introduced to students. It will examine the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of SD by focusing on growth and needs of human population, changing patterns of consumption, production, and distribution of resources and the associated environmental impact over time. Consideration will be given to the driving forces that influence SD with special reference to the impact on water resources, energy sources and uses, and waste management.
Course Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
- Understand the basic concepts related to energy and sustainable development
- Perform basic analysis of energy systems
- Explain problems with current energy and environment assessment practices
- Discuss the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development
- Describe possible solutions to current energy problems
- Explain the concept, policies and practices regarding renewable energy
Course Contents
The following themes or topics are included:
Energy and Sustainable Development
Energy plays a pivotal role in shaping social, economic, and sustainable development across the globe. As societies evolve, the demand for energy continues to rise, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of various energy technologies and their implications for the environment and economy. This essay explores the multifaceted relationship between energy and sustainable development, focusing on conventional and renewable energy technologies, environmental impacts, economic analyses, and policy frameworks.
Energy’s Role in Social, Economic, and Sustainable Development
Energy is fundamental to modern life, powering homes, industries, and transportation systems. It is a key driver of economic growth, enabling productivity and innovation. However, the way energy is produced and consumed has significant implications for social equity and environmental sustainability. Access to reliable and affordable energy is essential for improving living standards, reducing poverty, and fostering economic opportunities. Sustainable energy development aims to balance these needs while minimizing environmental degradation and promoting social equity.
Conventional Energy Technologies and Resources
Conventional energy sources, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), have historically dominated the global energy landscape. These resources are often associated with high greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and other environmental impacts. While they have contributed significantly to economic development, their unsustainable extraction and consumption patterns pose serious challenges to achieving long-term sustainability goals. Transitioning to cleaner energy sources is crucial for mitigating climate change and reducing environmental harm.
Renewable Energy Technologies
Renewable energy technologies offer promising alternatives to conventional energy sources. These include solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass energy. In buildings, renewable technologies can be integrated for heating and cooling, significantly reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For power generation, solar panels and wind turbines are becoming increasingly cost-effective and efficient. In the transport sector, electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Agriculture can also benefit from renewable technologies, such as bioenergy and solar-powered irrigation systems, enhancing sustainability and productivity.
Environmental Comparisons and Climate Change Impacts
The environmental impacts of energy supply technologies vary widely. Conventional energy sources contribute significantly to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, while renewable energy technologies generally have lower environmental footprints. However, the production and installation of renewable technologies also have environmental implications, such as land use changes and resource extraction. A comprehensive environmental assessment is essential to understand these impacts and make informed decisions about energy choices.
Economic Analysis and Comparisons
Economic analysis plays a crucial role in evaluating energy technologies. Life cycle analysis (LCA) assesses the environmental impacts of energy systems from production to disposal, providing a holistic view of their sustainability. Financial analysis helps determine the feasibility of energy projects, considering factors such as initial investment, operational costs, and potential savings. Cost of conserved energy (CCE) and externalities, such as health impacts and environmental degradation, must also be considered in economic assessments. Comparing the costs of supply technologies with energy efficiency measures can reveal opportunities for more sustainable energy use.
Policy Frameworks and Subsidy Justifications
Effective energy policies are essential for promoting sustainable development. Subsidies and tax incentives can encourage the adoption of renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency measures. Policies such as feed-in tariffs, renewable portfolio standards, and biofuels mandates create a supportive environment for renewable energy investments. Justifying subsidies requires a careful analysis of their economic and environmental benefits, ensuring that they contribute to long-term sustainability goals.
Energy Markets and Governance
Energy markets and governance structures play a critical role in shaping energy systems. Effective governance ensures that energy policies align with sustainability objectives, promoting transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement. Market mechanisms can facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources, enhance competition, and drive innovation. However, regulatory frameworks must also address potential market failures and ensure equitable access to energy resources.
Energy and Climate Change
The relationship between energy and climate change is complex and multifaceted. Transitioning to sustainable energy systems is essential for mitigating climate change impacts and achieving global climate goals. This requires a concerted effort from governments, businesses, and individuals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy efficiency, and promote renewable energy adoption.
Sustainable Energy Futures
Envisioning sustainable energy futures involves rethinking energy systems to prioritize environmental sustainability, social equity, and economic viability. This includes investing in research and development of new technologies, fostering public awareness and engagement, and promoting international cooperation on energy issues. By embracing sustainable energy practices, societies can create resilient energy systems that support long-term development goals while protecting the planet for future generations.
Conclusion
The interplay between energy and sustainable development is critical for addressing the challenges of the 21st century. By understanding the implications of various energy technologies, conducting thorough economic and environmental analyses, and implementing effective policies, societies can transition towards sustainable energy systems that promote social equity, economic growth, and environmental protection. The path to a sustainable energy future requires collaboration, innovation, and a commitment to responsible energy use.
References
- Boyle, G. Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future. Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
- Everett, B., Boyle, G., Peake, S. andRamage, J. Energy System and Sustainability. Oxford University Press. New Delhi.